GLUCOSE
When being tested for diabetes, blood sugar levels will normally
be taken after around eight hours of fasting.
During this
blood sugar levels are put into the following categories:
•
Normal: 4.0 to 5.9 mmol/l (70 to 107 mg/dl)
•
Prediabetes or Impaired Glucose Glycemia: 6.0 to 6.9 mmol/l (108 to 126 mg/dl)
•
Diagnosis of diabetes: more than 6.9 mmol/l
(126 mg/dl)
Symptoms of diabetic:
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Weight losss
Vomiting
Acetone breath
Dehydration
Education for diabetic patients:
Weight Managementàto
ideal body weight (BMI)
Exercise Regularlyàwalking
15 minutes for 3 times/week then slowly increase in duration and frequency
Do not smoke and drink alcohol
Wear good shoes while travelling and always
check for foot hygiene and health.
·
Nutritional management
Carbohydratesà
45-65% ( complex carbohydrates>>) àimportant
to control glucose in the blood
Proteinà
intake of dietary protein exceeding 20% of energy intake may be a risk factor
for development of nephropathy.
Fatàtotal
fat intake should not exceed 25-35% of total kcal
Saturated fat intake should not exceed 7%.
(polyunsaturated>>)
If hypertension present, limit cholesterol
and sodium.
Increase fiber intake. àfruits vegetables, whole grain products
According to the Food and Nutrition Board
recommends:
Men under 50à 38
grams fiber/day
Womenà 25
grams of fiber/day
Complications
Diabetic retinopathyàblurred vision
Diabetic neuropathyà loss
of sensation of the extremities
Diabetic nephropathyàkidney failure
Infectionsà weak
immune response due to hyperglycemia.
“BLOOD
SUGAR LEVELS”
NilaiNormal :
GulaDarahPuasa (8-10 jam
puasa) adalah 70-110 mg/dl
Guladarah 2 jam PP adalah
100-140 mg/dl
Waktu
|
Ideal
|
Sedang
|
Buruk
|
SebelumSarapan / Puasa
|
80-100
|
101-125
|
126
|
2 jam setelahmakan
|
80-144
|
145-179
|
180
|
Mmol/L
|
mg/dl
|
Interrestasi
|
2.0
|
35
|
SangatRendah
|
3.0
|
55
|
Rendah
|
4.0
|
75
|
AgakRendah
|
4.4
|
80
|
Normal
|
5.5
|
100
|
Normal
|
5.6
|
90-100
|
Normal sebelummakanuntuk non-deabetik
|
8.0
|
150
|
Normal setelahmakanuntuk non-deabetik
|
10.0
|
180
|
Maksimaluntuk non diabetic
|
15.0
|
270
|
Sedikittinggikeagaktinggitergantungpadapasien
|
20.0
|
360
|
Serattinggi
|
22.0
|
400
|
Maksimal ( maksimaluntukbeberapates meter)
|
30.0
|
600
|
Bahayatingg
|
Reference: Medicine.net
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thanks for your attention